Current Situation and Prospect of Bio-organic Fertilizer

I. Importance of Promoting Bio-organic Fertilizer Fertilizer is the food of plants. Fertilization is an important means to ensure high and stable crop yield in agricultural production. China is the largest country in the world in the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers. The use of chemical fertilizers is very large. Although the yield of crops has been increased in a certain time and to a certain extent, the harm to soil, water resources, agricultural products and environment has been increasing day by day, such as soil acidification, hardening, nutritional imbalance, groundwater pollution, heavy funds for agricultural products. Genus and nitrate content exceed the standard, resulting in a variety of ecological environment pollution and human diseases. Due to repeated and indiscriminate application of chemical fertilizers and neglect of organic fertilizers, soil organic matter is deficient and soil fertility is declining, which has become an important limiting factor for sustainable agricultural development and stable and high yield of crops in China. According to the survey and statistics, about 80% of the arable land in China is short of nitrogen, 50% of phosphorus, 30% of potassium, and some of the soil organic matter is less than 1%. Organic fertilizers usually contain more than 60% organic matter, more than 2.5% nitrogen and more than 2% phosphorus. They also contain various trace elements. They are not only good sources of fertilizer, but also excellent soil improvers. Therefore, vigorous promotion of bio-organic fertilizer is an inevitable way to achieve sustainable development of Agricultural Science in the future.

2. Advantages and effects of bio-organic fertilizer 1. Advantages of Bio-organic Fertilizer Bio-organic fertilizer refers to the fertilizer processed by microbial fermentation, decomposition and harmless treatment using livestock and poultry manure, straw, agricultural by-products and food processing wastes, organic garbage and municipal sludge. Compared with ordinary organic fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer has the following advantages: first, the organic matter content of bio-organic fertilizer is more than 35%, the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than 6%, which meets the quality standard of commercial organic fertilizer. Second, bio-organic fertilizer contains a large number of beneficial microbial metabolites. Thirdly, after 10 to 15 days of high temperature fermentation, pathogenic microorganisms, pests and their eggs, weeds and weed seeds in the raw materials were killed in large quantities to reduce the source of diseases, pests and weeds. Fourthly, bio-organic fertilizer made by microbial fermentation has no peculiar smell and low production cost, which is easy for farmers to accept and use.

2. Effect of Bio-organic Fertilizer (1) Improving crop yield and quality. Bio-organic fertilizer releases nutrients slowly. Nitrogen is mostly supplied to plants in the form of ammonium ion or amino acid. When it enters plant cells, it does not need to consume a large amount of energy and directly participates in the synthesis of plant cell substances. Therefore, after using bioorganic fertilizer, plants grow fast, accumulate more essential components and dry matter, and produce better agricultural products. OK. (2) Improve soil fertility and physical and chemical properties. The use of bioorganic fertilizer can not only supplement the organic fertilizer consumed, but also continuously improve the content of soil organic matter. After decomposition by microorganisms, organic matter can be condensed and synthesized into new humus, which combines with other substances in the soil to form organic-inorganic complex and promote the formation of microaggregate structure in the soil. Thus, the contradiction between water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil can be coordinated, the soil structure can be improved, the soil can be loosened and the tillage ability can be improved. (3) To regulate microflora and improve soil microecosystem. Decomposed organic fertilizer contains yeast, lactic acid bacteria, cellulose decomposing bacteria and other beneficial microorganisms. Bioorganic fertilizer with functional bacteria also contains nitrogen fixing bacteria, silicate bacteria, phosphorus lysing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and Pseudomonas. These microorganisms not only have the ability to produce a large number of active substances, but also have the ability to produce a large number of active substances. It has the ability of fixing nitrogen, dissolving phosphorus and dissolving potassium, some of them also have the ability of inhibiting plant root pathogens, and some of them have the ability of improving soil microecological environment. In addition, bioorganic fertilizer can regulate the floristic composition of microorganisms in soil and make beneficial changes in the structure of soil micro-ecosystem. (4) Activate insoluble compounds and improve the ability of soil to provide nutrients. Bioorganic fertilizers contain nitrogenfixing microorganisms, which can reduce nitrogen in the air to components that can be absorbed and utilized by crops through the action of nitrogenfixing enzymes. It is an important way for crops to provide nitrogen nutrition. In addition, a certain number of phosphorussoluble microorganisms and silicate bacteria were added to bioorganic fertilizers, which could decompose some primary and secondary minerals in soil through multiplication and synergistic action with other soil microorganisms. At the same time, phosphorus and potassium fixed by these minerals were released, and inorganic phosphorus and potassium were transformed into inorganic phosphorus and potassium. Effective nutrients available for crop absorption and utilization are directly absorbed and utilized by crop to improve the ability of soil fertilizer supply. (5) Improve soil ecology and reduce the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests. There are many kinds of special bacteria in bio-organic fertilizer. During the growth and reproduction of microorganisms, many antibiotics and plant growth hormones can be secreted. They can not only inhibit the activities of plant pathogenic microorganisms, play a role in preventing and curing plant diseases, but also stimulate the growth of crops, develop their roots and promote chlorophyll and protein. And nucleic acid synthesis, improve crop stress resistance. III. Production Technology and Technology of Bio-organic Fertilizer Bio-organic fertilizer production technology content is relatively high, in addition to adding biological agents to promote the maturation and decomposition of organic materials in the process of decomposition, in order to achieve the purpose of directional decomposition, deodorization and so on, microorganisms with specific functions need to be added in products to enhance the effect of products. At present, bio-organic fertilizer has been brought into the category of microbial fertilizer in China, and more stringent management measures have been implemented than organic fertilizer to promote the healthy development of organic fertilizer.

1. Production process Bio-organic fertilizer production enterprises registered by the Ministry of Agriculture are mainly engaged in the production of microbial fertilizers. In the fermentation process, tank stacking fermentation method is mostly used, and other fermentation methods, such as flat stacking fermentation method, fermentation tank fermentation method and sealed fermentation method, are also applied in the production. Use. In the process of fermentation and maturation, the adjustment of water content, C/N ratio, temperature and the use of maturing agent are the key factors in the production process, especially the application of microbial agent directly affects the fermentation cycle and maturity of materials. The decomposed material basically realizes the harmlessness of the product, which is also conducive to the survival of the functional bacteria added in the post-treatment process. 2. Production Technology In the post-treatment of fermentation materials, most enterprises add functional bacteria for compounding and setting. Dust is the main form of product formulation, but there are also drum granulation or extrusion granulation. The granular products overcome the shortcomings of poor appearance and low level of powder products, improve the commerciality of products, but also improve the production cost of enterprises, and have a certain impact on the survival of effective bacteria. 3. Species and Use of Bacteria Microbial strains are the core of bio-organic fertilizer products. In the production process, there are generally two links related to the use of microorganisms: one is the addition of decomposition-promoting and deodorizing agents in the decomposition process, which are mostly composed of complex strains. The common strains are photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Actinomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma and so on. Secondly, the functional bacteria added after the material is ripe, generally with nitrogen bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, silicate bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonas, actinomycetes and so on, play a specific fertilizer effect in the products. Therefore, for the production of bio-organic fertilizer, the screening and use of microbial strains is a core technology. Only by mastering this key technology can the decomposition and maturation of materials be accelerated and the application effect of products be guaranteed. 4. Sales and Application Because bio-organic fertilizer has higher production cost than ordinary organic fertilizer, it is mainly used in cash crops with high added value, such as vegetables, fruits, Chinese herbal medicine, and has achieved good results. Bio-organic fertilizer plays an irreplaceable role in improving the quality of agricultural products, but there are still some difficulties in production and marketing. This is because the high quality and high price of agricultural products are not fully achieved. To a certain extent, it affects the enthusiasm of growers and makes the promotion of bio-organic fertilizer encounter greater difficulties. 。 In recent years, bio-organic fertilizer has been widely used in some ecological demonstration areas, green and organic agricultural products bases, which is the main direction of bio-organic fertilizer development in the future. With the expansion of production scale of green organic agricultural products and the improvement of people's consumption level, the production and application of bio-organic fertilizer must be the mainstream.